Fun and Interesting Chemistry Facts and Trivia

Chemistry is a fascinating science full of unusual trivia. Some of the  most fun and most  interesting chemistry facts include: The only solid elements that assume liquid form ​at room temperature are bromine and mercury. However, you can melt gallium by holding a lump in the warmth of your hand.Unlike many substances, water expands as it freezes. An ice cube takes up about 9% more volume than the water used to make it.If you pour a handful of salt into a full glass of water, the water level will actually go down rather than overflowing the glass.Similarly, if you mix half a liter of alcohol and half a liter of water, the total volume of the liquid will be less than one liter.There is about 0.5 pound or 250 grams of salt (NaCl) in the average adult human body.A pure element takes many forms. For example, diamond and graphite both are forms of pure carbon.Many radioactive elements actually glow in the dark.The chemical name for water (H2O) is dihydrogen monoxide.The only letter not appearing on the periodic table is J.Lightning strikes produce O3, which is ozone, and strengthen the ozone layer of the at mosphere.The only two non-silvery metals are gold and copper.Although oxygen gas is colorless, the liquid and solid forms of oxygen are blue.The human body contains enough carbon to provide lead (which is really graphite) for 9,000 pencils.Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, while oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earths atmosphere, crust, and oceans (about 49.5%).The rarest naturally occurring element in the Earths crust may be astatine. The entire crust appears to contain about 28 grams of the element.Hydrofluoric acid is so corrosive that it will dissolve glass. Although it is corrosive, hydrofluoric acid is considered to be a weak acid.One bucket full of water contains more atoms than there are buckets of water in the Atlantic ocean.Approximately 20% of the oxygen in the atmosphere was produced by the Amazon rainforest.Helium balloons float because helium is lighter than air.Bee stings are acidic, while wasp stings are alkaline.Hot peppers get their h eat from a molecule called capsaicin. While the molecule acts as an irritant to mammals, including humans, birds lack the receptor responsible for the effect and are immune to the burning sensation from exposure.Its possible to die from drinking too much water.Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2).Liquid air has a bluish tint, similar to water.You cant freeze helium simply by cooling it to absolute zero. It will freeze if you apply extremely intense pressure.By the time you feel thirsty, youve already lost about 1% of your bodys water.Mars is red because its surface contains a lot of iron oxide or rust.Sometimes, hot water freezes more quickly than cold water. A high school student documented the effect, which bears his name (the Mpemba effect).

How Incarceration Fails As A Method Of Illicit Drug Control

In 2014, approximately 13 million people are injecting drugs worldwide, which is an alarming 0.3% of the entire adult population (UNAIDS, 2014). Injecting drugs often results in increased negative health consequences and may lead to the transmission of blood-borne viruses such as HIV. As of now, about 1.7 million, or 13% of the injected drug users are living with HIV (UNAIDS, 2014). Though featured in nearly every country, injected drug use is still treated as a crime and lead easily to incarceration (UNAIDS, 2014). This essay seeks to examine how incarceration fails as a method of illicit drug control and puts an already at-risk group in further peril. About 56% to 90% of injected drug users will be incarcerated at some point in their lives worldwide. Imprisonment, however, will not necessarily eliminate an individual’s access to illicit drugs. If anything, illicit drugs may be cheaper inside of the jails than outside (Pisani, 2008). Some prisoners even inject drugs for the f irst time in jails, thus potentially initiating dependence under the most unfavorable circumstances. While drugs may be cheaper, the clean needles required to inject them safely is a lot less affordable in comparison (Pisani, 2008). According to Elizabeth Pisani in her book, The Wisdom of Whores, clean needles cost three dollars apiece while a hit of heroin cost fifty cents less (2008). Due to this, the same needle usually passes around and if one prisoner was infected with HIV, the virus will soon beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Americas War on Drugs5842 Words   |  24 PagesNixon initiated the War on Drugs when American soldiers were coming home from the Vietnam War addicted to heroin. More than a decade later, President Ronald Reagan launches the South Florida Drug Task force, headed by then Vice-President George Bush, in response to the city of Miami’s demand for help. 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Learning in English Essay Example For Students

Learning in English Essay The activity consists of the pupils watching the report and then producing a written account, using their imagination to devise their own interpretation. One of the reasons behind the use of the French report is to include the EAL pupil in a positive way. To achieve this I will ask her to give an account to the whole class of the true facts and information found on the video. Thus displaying the importance of communication and therefore encouraging her to embrace her own individuality. In turn I hope this will help the rest of the class to recognise and respect the difficulties that EAL pupils can face in everyday learning. Displaying the video on the interactive whiteboard in this way will assist me with incorporating information communication technology (ICT) into my literacy teaching. ICT can help teachers, when used effectively to improve their teaching. In this case, I will use ICT effectively with a large display on the board to show the class a visual, interactive video. They will also have the opportunity to use ICT during lesson five when performing their own news reports to the class. The pupils will be able to use overhead projectors, audio sound effects and power point presentations to assist them with their work. Teachers must always consider how they can produce lessons that are effective as possible. When planning my unit of work I considered the lessons with and without the use of ICT and found that I could in fact make these activities more effective with the inclusion of these resources. (Sadler, 1994) I understand the importance of differentiating work to suit the needs of all children within my class. Not only must I develop strategies to progress the EAL pupil, but I must also help children of different abilities. I will differentiate the activities by providing support sheets for children of a lower ability. As with the EAL pupil, prompt sheets and planning guidance, such as checklists will be given to pupils of a lower ability to assist them with their written work. The use of group work also gives the pupils of a higher ability the opportunity to guide and help pupils who may be struggling. My class teacher reassured me that pupils of a lower ability need encouragement and praise to help increase their confidence, therefore I have planned to give children the opportunity to share their achievements with the class during the plenary of each lesson. During this time I will highlight the strengths of the pupils individual work, giving them confidence in their ability, thus encouraging them to reproduce this effort in future lessons. My unit of work provides great opportunity for assessment. This is mandatory for all teachers, as they must have a sound knowledge of the levels their pupils are achieving ensuring that they are delivering lessons that challenge and progress their pupils. It is important that pupils are working at an appropriate level whereby they do not find their work too easy, as this could cause a plateau in their learning, just as importantly the work must not be too difficult as they can feel threatened by the challenge. To achieve this, teachers must assess their pupils, to understand the level they are working at, to show what they aim to achieve. I plan to use continuous assessment, both formal and informal. Observation and questioning will assist me in gaining an understanding of the pupils ideas and developments, and marking their written work will help with individually levelling the pupils. The purpose of the assessment process is to make explicit childrens achievements, celebrate their achievements with them, then help them to move forward to the next goal (Sainsbury, 1996. P. 9) With this in mind, I plan to incorporated peer, self and teacher assessment into my unit of work, helping the children to track their own achievements, and take pride in their personal growth. I believe that I have justified the key aspects of my unit of work, through designing a plan that is enjoyable and relevant for all pupils. .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d , .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .postImageUrl , .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d , .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d:hover , .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d:visited , .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d:active { border:0!important; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d:active , .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude18e3bd89eea3f110ec637a0159eb0d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: At the start, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are 'kind hostess', but by the end they are 'this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen' EssayI understand that it is mandatory for teachers to Decide what element to teach by considering what the children will respond to, the need of their age group, and the needs of individuals in the class, (Joyce, M, 1973, page 56). Discussion with the class teacher has enabled me to plan lessons that will suit the specific needs and interests of all the pupils within the class, helping me to deliver lessons that are personalised and subsequently very effective. All of the lessons are of great educational value and help the children develop their skills and understanding in Literacy as well as in other subjects. Whilst planning, I took great care in including differentiation, assessment, ICT and progression allowing me also to develop my own confidence and professionalism as a teacher. I am looking forward to having opportunity to teach my unit of work in the near future. References Arthur, J Grainger, T, Wray, D. (2006) Learning to Teach in the Primary School. Oxon: Routledge. Dfes, (2002). The National Literacy Strategy. Further Literacy support: Training Materials. London: Hmso Dfes. (2006) Primary Frameworks for literacy and mathematics. London, Hmso Graham, J, Kelly, A. (1997) Reading under control. Teaching Reading in the Primary School. London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd. Joyce, M. (1973). First Steps in Teaching Creative Dance. California: National Press Books. Marsh, J, Hallet, E. (1999) Desirables Literacies. Approaches to language and literacy In the early years. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd. Medwell, J, Moore, G, Wray, D, Griffiths, V. (2001) Primary English, Knowledge and Understanding. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Medwell, J, Wray, D, Minns, H, Griffiths, Coates, E. (2001) Primary English. Teaching Theory and practice. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Sadler, P. (1994) Simple Minds. QED, BBC2, 19 September, 1994 Sainsbury, M. (1996) Tracking Significant Achievement in Primary English. London: Hodder ; Stoughton Web Pages National Literacy Trust (http://www. literacytrust. org. uk/pubs/drama. html) Accessed 03/04/08, 12:35 Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shared_reading) Accessed 02/04/08, 12:32.

Case Study Of Tom Shareholder Of The ABC Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of Tom Shareholder Of The ABC Ltd. Answer: In the given case study, Tom was a minor shareholder of the ABC Ltd. The directors of the company had sold the assets of the company to purchase an island resort in their own names. Therefore, the directors are said to be the controlling shareholders of the company and hence, they will have more rights on the property compared to a minority shareholder[1]. Tom was made aware of these activities at a general meeting and soon after he wanted to take an action against the directors of the company. As per the Company Law, the directors will be held liable if they take such actions by not disclosing it to the existing shareholders of the company. Being a minor shareholder, Tom can claim for his amount of shares that he had invested in the ABC Ltd. As per the guiding rules on Principle 2, individual directors has direct control and right over the company of ABC Ltd[2]. but it is also their responsibility to inform every shareholder of the company about the activities. Therefore, Tom can in itiate an action against the directors. As seen in this case study, Flywell Ltd was the owner of an Australian airline. The Flywell Ltd. wished to persuade each investor to invest $10,000 with the company. The company had focused to raise the funds between $9 million and $11 million in new funds. Therefore, a company can raise its fund with the help of five primary methods that are generally used by the corporations[3]. It can issue bonds, put a sale on the common stock, can issue preferred stock, borrow from finance inventories and can put the profits on use. Proportional granting of ownership in the firm is given to the investors in exchange of money. Corporations raise money by this popular method. Therefore, the Flywell Ltd can fund raise the obligations by these primary methods under the Corporations Act. The Board of Directors of Flywell Ltd can purchase extra plains by raising the funds since the company does not have sufficient capital fund[4]. The advice, which the Flywell Ltd. should be given, is that it should u tilize the primary sources for raising the funds. References: Bgioi, Adrian Doru, and Cristina Elena Dumitru. "The rights of shareholdersbasic principle of corporate governance by means of case-specific jurisprudence."Audit Financiar14.136 (2016): 401-412. Kshetri, Nir. "Success of crowd-based online technology in fundraising: An institutional perspective."Journal of International Management21.2 (2015): 100-116. Matsusaka, John G., and Oguzhan Ozbas. "A theory of shareholder approval and proposal rights."The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization33.2 (2017): 377-411. Womack, James P., and Daniel T. Jones.Lean solutions: how companies and customers can create value and wealth together. Simon and Schuster, 2015.

Scarlet Letter Book Report free essay sample

He has disguised himself as a physician and asks Hester not to reveal his true identity. His plan is to find Pearl’s father and seek his revenge. He uses the name Roger Chillingworth. Chillingworth soon figures out that the father is the minister, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and he torments Dimmesdale’s mind and soul for the next seven years. The Minister is too afraid to confess his sin publicly, but he cannot take the guilt any longer. Finally Hester sees what Chillingworth has done to Arthur, she reveals Chillingworth’s true identity to Arthur, and the two plan to run away together. Although the two planned to run away together, Dimmesdale could not go through with it and finally confesses his sin to the town on the scaffold, shortly after he dies. Chillingworth dies not even a year later, and he gives all his fortune to Pearl. When Hester died she was buried next to Dimmesdale, where they shared the same tombstone. We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlet Letter Book Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the most part, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† is not historically accurate. However, it is a realistic portrayal of Puritan society. Puritans came to America to avoid the corruption and the Church of England. They used a system of discipline based on the Bible’s law. Hester’s public punishment was actually practiced during this time period. Hawthorne also accurately depicts the political structure of the Puritan society. Puritan towns used a system of rule by a governor. Overall, Hawthorne successfully depicted the Puritan society. He correctly depicted their emphasis on Biblical law and how the punish all transgression. He may have misrepresented the legal system at the time, but his use of the Puritan society was mostly accurate.

Children of the Morgue essays

Children of the Morgue essays The ability to read other peoples minds.....to know their thoughts, their dreams, their every desire. To be able to delve into the deepest part of their subconscious and know what is going on in their heads - this is probably one of the most common fantasies held by every human being. To understand someone elses motivations for doing things, and to somehow find the answer to the most prevalent question on earth....Why? To begin, that is the question that must be asked. Why did Mary Shelly write Frankenstein? What possessed a woman in the 1800s to come up with such a horrendous tale? Certainly, one of the reasons was to upstage Percy Shelley and Lord Byron in the game that they had begun, as Mary herself tells us, I busied myself to think of a story, - a story to rival those which had excited us to this task. But after reading the novel, one realizes that there must have been an underlying motive for Shelley to concoct such a disturbing and grotesque tale a tale, that during the conservative period in which she lived would almost certainly be regarded by critics as unworthy reading material not only because she was a woman, but also a woman who was able to create to imagine such a completely outlandish story. Shelley herself even believed in this feminist viewpoint, for Dr. Smith states, ....her general reflections on women as weaker than men and lacking in their higher grades of intellect. ... Therefore it is surprising that she even undertook the task of writing the novel, but write she did. To try and determine the basis for Shelleys idea of Frankenstein would probably be most easily done if we went back to examine her childhood. Shelleys mother died when Mary was only a newborn, and her father quickly married another woman to fill the void. Mary, however, could not relate to her Wicked Stepmother, and instead ...

People V. Lavalle (NYS Dealth Penalty) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

People V. Lavalle (NYS Dealth Penalty) - Essay Example d to death but he filed an appeal before the New York Court of Appeals and argued that in view of deadlock instructions of the state, the death penalty was not valid as per Article 1, Section 6 of the state’s constitution. The New York Appeals Court held that section 400.27(10) of New York’s Criminal Procedural Law was not constitutional. The New York Court of Appeals gave this ruling because of contradictions arising from the situation that the sentencing judge had the authority to decide amongst two options. The sentencing judge could impose death penalty or life imprisonment without parole. If the decision amongst the jury became deadlocked the judge was required to convict the offender to 20 - 25 years life imprisonment with parole. LaValle argued that because this third option was less severe relative to the other two, judges were pressurized to reach a consensus although some were not in agreement for the death penalty. Because the state’s deadlock instruct ions are unique there is no immediate impact on the death penalty in other states. But the case reveals how judges are pressurized whereby they are forced to impose the death penalty (Heller, 2008). The decision of the New York Court of Appeals presented the state legislature options to reinstate the death penalty or reinstate the death penalty in a modified way. The legislature decided to make a review of the state’s death penalty statutes by seeking wide ranging opinions from the public. From the wide ranging comments and opinions received from several reputed people and law experts concerns became apparent about the impending legislative changes. It was argued that legislation giving judges only two options by way of death penalty and life imprisonment without parole would not be constitutionally valid because prosecutors would seek elimination of parole possibilities by putting a death notice before the judges (Lentol et al., 2005). The New York State legislature could have redrafted the death

Environmental issue in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Environmental issue in Business - Essay Example Resources may be available in abundance but they are not limitless. To cope up with the growing demand of energy consumption, alternate ways of energy are used and these nuclear plants are costly but give more energy than common fossil fuels. Also, generally they are less hazardous than fossil fuels which emit higher levels of C02. Here are a few benefits in comparison with fossil fuels. The paper discusses in detail the various elements of fossil fuels along with the benefits that can be derived from nuclear forms of energy. Fossil fuel plants emit higher amounts of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. It leaves trails of soot and arsenic which are poisonous to humans as well as to other forms of living beings. If compared the process of mining to the exhaust material generated by a nuclear plant, the mining process emerges as a filthy process with higher emissions of CO2 due to the burning of coal. The cost of a nuclear plant is high than a coal mine but the raw mat erial used to produce electricity is barely minimum. The uranium needed to get a nuclear reaction is less than the amount of coal or gas needed to heat up turbines to produce friction and generate electricity. Also, nuclear plant can run aircraft in minimum resources. The nuclear energy is generated internally in the raw material and thus can be used successfully to generate large amount of electricity as needed. The nuclear power consumes fewer resources. As a result, it is assumed as the safest form of power generating technology as compared to uranium that has limited usage in generation of electricity. Another big question that is looming large is the possibility to benefit from the renewable technology to achieve efficiency in energy consumption. However, the technology to generate renewable energy is still in its nascent stages of development. Until it is developed and made fully functional, the levels of CO2 needs to be kept at low and at the same time, cater to the needs of the society. Thus, ensuring that the CO2 gas emissions are restricted from further damage to the Ozone layer that gives rise to global warming (Storm van Leeuwen, 2007). Nuclear power can be used as a mode of transport, to generate electricity, to run ships, to generate and distribute electricity with minimum resources involved. This is going to help in the long run as fewer resources will be exhausted and the fossil fuels that are not much in quantity can be saved. The area of using nuclear energy has been explored to the very minimum and is an area that can help the world in conserving the already limited resources that we have. The Nuclear Power Plants have countless benefits. At the same time, it poses serious challenges to the economies. For instance, the primary by-product of the nuclear energy is the production of radioactive material which is in large quantity. When the atom is split, it creates isotopes as well as plutonium that is a heavier form of atom. Importantly, the p rocess of formation of nuclear energy does not require these atoms which makes them nuclear waste (Greenpeace International, 2009). Furthermore, the nuclear waste is highly radioactive even though its quantity is less than the quantity of the waste of a Fossil Fuel Plant. This radioactivity can be dangerous to human kind much more than the waste material being left over and being emitted by fossil fuels therefore, it becomes a question as to how this radioactive mater

Chinese women and their problems during the High Qing era Essay

Chinese women and their problems during the High Qing era - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Writing of the elite-dominated the analysis of gender in High Qing times.   Sitting in the ivory towers, the intellectuals recorded their scholarly observations.   Susan extends the scope to the grassroots level. She deals with her contribution in the farm, household, entertainment by the courtesan, and the participation of women in rituals and domestic religious festivities; and above all, the important issue of women’s poetry. The sensibilities expressed by various women poets are great historical documents to the time during which these poems were written. They provide valuable information about the emotions of women, moral values, and social relations and to an extent, political judgments. Yuan Mei’s recollections of the women poets with whom he was acquainted with, were full of catkin images, especially the stories of child intellectuals who were brilliant poets. So also, Xie Daoyun of willow catkin fame was known for upstaging their male frien ds and relatives in verbal combat and poetry contests.That was a strange position, which Mann noticed and elaborated in her book, about the elite Chinese women. The patrilineal family demanded that elite women demonstrate family prestige by remaining secluded and restrict their activities. But they enjoyed a new type of freedom in the Qing constellation. They could write and reinterpret their own history. The elite women had a pragmatic approach to their role in the society. They did not challenge the familial traditions or the social structure and the question of â€Å"women’s identity† that in a way challenged men, was of no consequence to them. They exploited and enjoyed the possibilities of autonomy that was prevalent within their society.

Acme Is A Large Pharmaceutical Company Information Technology Essay

Acme Is A Large Pharmaceutical Company Information Technology Essay ACME is a large pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. In all districts, it opened branches. So that why, they need communication technology, which way they can get all information about their product and that why they need a website. In Bangladesh the pharmaceutical sector is one of the most developed hi-tech sectors which is contributing in the countrys economy. After the promulgation of Drug Control Ordinance 1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The ACME Laboratories Ltd, the pharmaceutical major and the flagship Company of the ACME Group, is a Manufacturer and Global exporter of Human, Herbal and Veterinary Pharmaceutical products. Since its inception in 1954, Chapter 2 Initial Study 2.1. Introduction: In Bangladesh the pharmaceutical sector is one of the most developed hi-tech sectors which is contributing in the countrys economy. After the promulgation of Drug Control Ordinance 1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The ACME Laboratories Ltd, the pharmaceutical major and the flagship Company of the ACME Group, is a Manufacturer and Global exporter of Human, Herbal and Veterinary Pharmaceutical products. Since its inception in 1954, The ACME Laboratories Ltd, has been working relentlessly with a vision to ensure health, vigour and happiness for all and is on a perpetual quest for excellence. 2.2. Company Background: ACME Group is one of the leading and diversified global conglomerates in Bangladesh, with offices in all major cities, employing over 3000+ employees and dedicated to  bringing the highest quality products and services to our customers. They have an annual turnover of US $60 million with diversified interests in Pharmaceuticals, FMCG, Information Technology Services, Aviation Services, Printing Packaging Services, Trading Services, C F Services, Apparels and more. The ACME Laboratories Ltd, the pharmaceutical major and the flagship Company of the ACME Group. The history of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. dates back to 1954 when a proprietorship firm was founded to manufacture ethical drugs. It started with the modest introduction of a few oral liquid products. The late Hamidur Rahman Sinha was the founder of the firm and was the main visionary of the organization until his sad demise in 1994. The firm was converted into a private Limited company in the year 1976. Commercial operation at the modernized plant equipped with sophisticated and advanced facilities began toward the end of 1983. The Company has adopted the ISO-9001-2008 and WHO CGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) standards. All employees must adhere to the documented procedures and SOPs (Standard Operating Procedure).Many challenges were overcome successfully to transform the company from a small unit to what it is today. Out of about 300 pharmaceutical companies in the country, The ACME Labs is one of the top four. 2.3. Description of current system: The ACME Laboratories Ltd. Has invested in state of the art formulation plants aligned to regulated market standards. Four plants based on the Dhaka site can produce pharmaceutical products to the highest GMP specifications. These plants have been designed by internationally recognized firms and equipped with the best machines that can currently be found on the European and US markets. The ACME Laboratories Ltd. normally based on a current local system, for what, it has a local larger marketing side all over in Bangladesh. Their total selling systems depend on marketing system. More than 1200 Medical Representatives of human sector, around 300 Medical Representatives of veterinary sector are the current worker of the marketing side of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. The MR is responsible to communicate with the customers. There are two kind of MR. One is called Buffer. Their duty is to stay in hospital and collect all prescription. And another Mr.s duty is to communicate with the doctor a nd chemist and motivate them for the products and take orders. The Area manager is always responsible for the Medical Representatives. Their duties are to observe t the proper communication between MR and The ACME Laboratories Ltd. The Customer, If any problem occurs, he will report to Regional Sales Manager who is responsible for fulfill the requirements of MR and customers. His duty is also to replace and rearrange MR for all area zone and also concern for the delivery of product on time. The Assistant sales manager is one of the head of marketing side, who is direct communicating with the management. His duty is to inspect all marketing area and be aware about their service. He takes all responsibilities to build up their marketing proposal comparing with other competitors. So their total marketing system is based on door to door. 2.4. Problem with the current system: If the current system of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. Is analyzed, then it shows some lacks of current system such as communication gap, mistiming, over cost. Like the total selling system is based on door to door. So sometimes the MR fails to meet with the customer. Though they can meet, they dont get enough time to promote their product. Even sometimes the customer feels disturb for them. So this is a big weak point for the current system. Another weak point is timing. When an order has been taken, it was taken in paper. There are lots of order has been taken in a time. So it may be happened to lose one order or forget to rearrange on time. Today in every business sector, there are lots of competitions. So to buildup the business, it needs to be careful about the price. As there is communication gap between the MR and the management, they dont get the right track for the product cost comparing with the competitors. So some products carry high value which is not affordable for our peo ple. So the current marketing system of The ACME Laboratories Ltd is not a proper system for the business. 2.5. Boundary of the project: As ACME is a group of companies, here we are only working for ACME Laboratories Ltd. And we only concern to improved the marketing system and introduce the products to customer. So, as we concern only for product, our aim is only to improve website system better than previous website. 2.6. Aims of the project: If the company needs to fulfill their requirements and update their current system , it is suggested that they should have a software which one can communicate directly between the customers and the employees of The ACME Laboratories Ltd. This software can be web based, where the employees and the customers inform their requirement and the problem to the management. Even the company can promote their all new or old products in that software and the customer will get the information about their requirements and directly can order from this software. So it will save time and money. 2.7. Summary: Though The ACME Laboratories Ltd is a leading Pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh but it has lots of competitors. So to continue with a good future, it should be upgrade its whole system .So for the marketing side, if they are able to get a software, which can be fulfill their requirements, They will get a standard feedback from this side. May be this will be a great step to lead in Pharmaceutical business. Chapter 3 Feasibility study 3.1 Introduction: In order to make wise investments in a marketplace experiencing increasing levels of risk, companies are turning to feasibility studies to determine, if they should offer new products, services or undertake a new business endeavor. The purpose of a feasibility study is to determine if a business opportunity is possible, practical and viable. So, when therell be a proposal for the improvement of The ACME Laboratories, firstly this should be need to know that are they alright or do they agree with the conditions of the proposal system? 3.2 Alternate solutions: The current system of ACME Laboratories is totally manual. It totally depends on the marketing employee. So the management is always moving their decision according to employees report. For that reason some times they facing commutation problem and misguided. To solve this problem, they need a proper solution which may be based on computer program system such as may be a software or website. 3.3 The proposed system: There may be a proposal, which we suggest and decided by the management of ACME Laboratories, to make a website, which can be solve the current problems and guide the company for making the system easier. Advantages: (of the web site): If the company accept the proposal of website, they will be benefited in sever always. Like, itll solve the communicate problem between the employees and the management. Company can save the cost, what they spend for the knocking to the customer and also they can save their time as well to take appointments and order from the customers. So, this website can bring a new system for the company, which will lead the company to the go further. Disadvantage: (of the web site): Therell be some disadvantages for this proposal. First they need setup everything for use a website. Itll take some cost. And some of employees are not familiar with the internet and website. So it will face problem to operate it. Even the company will always need the internet connection.If they face any problem for connection,may be itll stop the whole system and make it delay to process. 3.4 Feasibility consideration 3.4.1 Technical feasibility: When, therell be a proposal for a company, Firstly it needs to know ,the system of the proposal are suitable for the system. Like, for the website, first, it should be notice about the technical feasibility of the company. Because ,they have to have computers for every sectors, where there need to be communicate. And also need to be noticed about the flexibility of connection. If, there is a positive result about the technical feasibility, then the proposal can be proceed further. 3.4.2 Economical feasibility: For the proposal, it need to be ensure about the economical feasibility. Because for the web application they need some computers .So itll take some cost. Also they have to pay the internet bill and a charge for the Domain and hosting charge per year. So, if the company accepts the budget for the proposal, then itll be carry on. 3.4.3 Operational feasibility: When there will be a technical proposal, it should be notice about the operational feasibility. Because, they need to operate the system and update all new information. So they must need to know about the operational knowledge about the website. Maybe, some employee needs to be trained up. So, if they are able to do it, then the proposal can be proceed on. 3.5 Summary: This feasibility consideration is helping the developer to understand if the company has the ability to use this website. Developer can also understand the range of the company which can help him to develop the website. Chapter 4 Requirement analysis specification 4.1 Introduction: ACME is a large pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. In all districts, it opened branches. So that why, they need communication technology, which way they can get all information about their product and that why they need a website, which can fulfill these requirements. To get information about their requirement, we took an interview so that the website, which we are going to make fulfill their needs. 4.2 Interview record: As, we are going to make a website for ACME Laboratories, at first, we need to know their requirements. For that reason, we took an appointment with the company Assistant Sales Manager Mr. Jafarullah. Interview was arranged on 23rd May, 2010 at 11:00am. On that day, we met with Mr. Jafarullah and gathered the requirements and record all details. This interview helped us a lot to get an idea about the website. 4.3 DFD of existing system: Require Products Process product 1 Sales representative Customer M1 Product info Confirm availability Product Order Process Order 3 Sales representative Customer Confirm order M2 Order info Response pay Figure: DFD diagram for current system 4.4 Requirements catalogue: Requirement ID ACME 1 Requirement name Products Info Business activity Marketing Products Source Website Owner MD. Functional requirement Input products info Benefits To introduce current product to customer Comments Entry products list Requirement ID ACME 2 Requirement name Update Info Business activity Marketing for new products Source Website Priority Company employee Owner MD. Functional requirement Add new products info Benefits Introduce the new products to customer Comments Add / Delete products list 4.5 DFD of proposed system: D1 Product info Process Products 1. Products Enter data Staff Select products for order Saves quantity information 2 Products View product Customer D1 Product info Figure: DFD diagram for proposed system 4.6 Elementary process description: ID Process name Description 1.1 Information collection Collected information from Assistant sales manager of ACME Laboratories Ltd. 1.2 Products list They provide a book, from where we got the product name and details. 1.3 Make a proposal for a website We submitted a proposal for a website and they approved it. 1.4 The required of website Required a website where they can update or delete information by themselves. 1.5 Type of website This will be a dynamic website, what we are going to make. 1.6 Overall progress We showed a demo to the assistant sales manager and he was impressed. 4.7 Entity relationship diagram: Customer Staff Sales Representative 4.8 Entity description: In the DFD diagram of the existing system, name of some entities have been mentioned. Description of these entities is given below. Entity name Description Customer Name Responsible for bye product. Staff Responsible for Data store. Sales Representative Responsible for Order product. 4.9 Data catalog: Data item Description Database Process Product Input all data of the current product Insert Date Manufacturing Date Insert Update new product If any new product is made, that would be updated. Insert Delete product If they want to remove product from database, they can delete it Delete 4.10 Summary: At the end of this stage, requirement analysis and specification helped us to gather all information and idea of our proposed website. Chapter 5 System deign 5.1. Introduction: Based on the user requirements and the detailed analysis of a new system, the new system must be designed. This is the phase of system designing. It is a most crucial phase in the development of a system. Normally, the design proceeds in stages 5.2. Logical design and description: ACME Laboratories Ltd ACME PHOTO HOME ABOUT ACME PRODUCTS SUPPORT CONTACTS Latest News Welcome to ACME Copyright  © 2010. DIIT 5.3. Sitemap: About ACME HOME Products Support Contacts Allopathic Herbal Add Products 5.4. Summary: ACME website Sample has been designed. There sketches will be used to design. There are some logical diagram have been added on this document. Chapter 6 Coding 6.1. Home page: Welcome to ACME if( $_GET){ if( file_exists( includes/pages/.$_GET[page]..php)) include( includes/pages/.$_GET[page]..php ); else include( includes/pages/default.php ); }else include( includes/pages/default.php ); ?> Copyright  © 2010. DIIT window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"de6e6cfad9","applicationID":"221047987","transactionName":"bl0HMhMFDEYCWhJeWlcXMBQISwdGEFgfRBpYShEPAggHGxNRFg==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1,"atts":"QhoERFsfH0g=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""} Chapter 7 Testing 7.1. Introduction: Testing a product seems very simple. It involves ensuring the product works as intended and does not fail. This is what we strive to achieve when testing program code. When some one read text books on testing there he/she will find that verification and validation is the name given to the checking and analysis processes that ensure the software conforms to its specification and meets the needs requirements of the customer. 7.2. Unit test: Method Value entered Expected result Runtime result Comments Add Product AP(Allophathic) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful Add Product HP (Herbal) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful Add Product AP (Herbal) ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- Error 7.3. Link test: Page Link Expected result Runtime result Comments Home Index.php à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful ABOUT ACME index.php?page=about à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful PRODUCTS index.php?page=products à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ ÃÆ'- Error SUPPORT index.php?page=support à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Successful CONTACTS index.php?page=contacts à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ ÃÆ'- Error 7.4. Summary: The documentation of testing is critically important and we descried a scheme that provides both good documentation and a framework for test management. I gave some guidelines for test design, but recognized that this is a difficult problem which cannot be automated. Chapter 8 Implementation 8.1. Introduction: The implementation phase is typically terminated b a formal acceptance process, when the business manager declares that she/he is satisfied that the system meets its objectives and sign off takes place. New Computer equipment needed. Users need to be trained. Data transferred from an old web system. New data entered. 8.2. Maintenance plan: The maintenance stage begins once the implementation is complete. This is typical of many medium size organizations. In larger companies, a full-time maintenance team may carry out all this work. Maintenance includes error fixing, updates and modifications which are necessary because requirements are incorrectly understood or specified, requirements analysis is not complete in time, and the needs of the business have changed. 8.3. Summary: Implementation and maintenance is most important part of the project. The ACME must use a responsible person to take responsibility. Chapter 9 Limitations and future plan 9.1. Limitations: 9.1.1. This site is not fully dynamic (Only products page is dynamic) 9.1.2. Contacts page is not work. 9.1.3. Menu cannot add because there have a flash. 9.2. Future plan: 9.2.1. This site will be a fully dynamic. 9.2.2. Contacts page will be work when page is hosting a web. 9.2.3. Admin will be added new menu. Chapter 10 Conclusion All work successfully completed. Now the website is ready for use. During implementation careful steps had to be taken so that it can get desired environment as needed. Limitations and future plan will be helpful for developing a more efficient website next time.

Engagement with China: A Smithian Perspective :: Adam Smith Economics Essays

China seems to have been long stationary, and had probably long ago acquired that full complement of riches which is consistent with the nature of its laws and institutions. But this complement may be much inferior to what, with other laws and institutions, the nature of its soil, climate, and situation might admit of. A country which neglects or despises foreign commerce, and which admits the vessels of foreign nations into one or of its ports only, cannot transact the same quantity of business which it might do with different laws and institutions. Adam Smith, The Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Book I, Chapter IX Introduction In today's post-Cold War world, U.S. foreign policy faces a plethora of uncertainties in the economic, social and political spheres. With the geopolitical order currently reduced to one major superpower, the new order is still quite amorphous. For such reasons, politicians, economists, military strategists and others in Washington have sought to answer the question, "Is there any particular country that has the potential to rise to the level of a regional, or even global, hegemon in the 21st century?" Evidence suggests so, and the country that has placed itself on the path of fulfilling that prophecy is the People's Republic of China. A 1994 World Bank study showed in 1980, the PRC accounted for only 3.6% of the world's gross domestic product and 0.8 % of its exports of manufactured goods. It estimates that, by 2010, the PRC could account for 15.5% of the world's GDP and 6.4% of its exports of manufactured goods (O’Quinn, 1997). Clearly, China is poised to assert much more influence on world affairs in the coming century. For this reason, foreign policy towards China has been debated under the realm of two distinct policies, engagement and containment. Engagement seeks to encourage China’s involvement in multilateral agreements and its membership in international organizations as a means of promote Beijing’s respect and adherence to international norms. Containment, on the other hand, adopts a more defensive approach. Its advocates point to the security risks inherent in accepting China into the international community. The policy proposes counterbalancing China in a method similar to that used with Russia during the Cold War. The challenge for the United States is to examine these two policies and determine which will be most effective in promoting U.S. interests vis-Ã  -vis an emerging China. In searching for answers, this paper will utilize arguments from a variety of scholars, most notably the famed economist Adam Smith, in an effort to focus on the strategy of engagement with the People's Republic of China.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 21

Five minutes after Seth left, I realized I'd made a mistake. Not about refusing him – that was the right thing to do. But I shouldn't have let him walk out like that. It was no way to end a fight. I was still angry after all these years that Andrew had died helping those people. I was still pained by his loss. To this day, I believed my stand in the garden had been correct, but nonetheless, I'd always regretted the separation that followed. Anger and pride had come between us, keeping us apart until it was almost too late. Even disagreeing with each other, we shouldn't have stayed away. We should have talked and tried to find some compromise. I refused to let this fight foster more bad communication and confusion between Seth and me. I wouldn't let it take away from the time we could have together. I had to fix things. Resolved, I grabbed my coat and purse and headed out the door after him. I half-walked, half-jogged down to the bookstore, where he'd left his car, but it was gone. I'd missed him. I stared at the empty parking lot for a few moments and then went inside. I'd finally bought Carter's stupid Secret Santa present and had left it in my office earlier. But when I went back inside and stuffed the gift in my purse, I found I didn't have the will to head back out. Instead, I sank into my chair and buried my face in my hands. How had things gotten so muddled with Seth and me? Had the shooting really given him such a new perspective on life? Would this have happened anyway? Yasmine's signature suddenly filled the room, and I looked up just in time to see her and Vincent materialize in front of me. Immediately, Seth left my mind. â€Å"Hey, Georgina,† Vincent said. â€Å"I got your mess – â€Å" â€Å"I know about Nyx,† I blurted out. Astonished silence hung in the air. I couldn't say for sure with nephilim, but I knew angels were rarely caught by surprise. Yasmine clearly had been. And, being an angel, she didn't try to deny anything about Nyx. She simply asked, â€Å"How?† â€Å"Because she's using me to do her dirty work.† Their looks of amazement grew. â€Å"Only†¦I'm not exactly sure how she's doing it.† The two of them glanced at each other, then back at me. â€Å"Start from the beginning,† said Yasmine. â€Å"That's usually the way to go.† And I did, first telling them about the dreams and the energy loss. After that, it was on to my weird knowledge of tragic events and the residual feelings of Nyx's activities. Finally, I explained how Erik and Dante had pieced it all together, linking what was happening to me with all of those unfortunate news stories. Yasmine sat down in a folding chair, tipping her head back as she thought. It was kind of like what Vincent had done in the hospital while ruminating. I wondered if it was one of those unconscious gestures couples sometimes picked up from each other. â€Å"Hmm†¦brilliant. That's how she's doing it without us finding her.† â€Å"I never would have even thought of that,† agreed Vincent, pacing. â€Å"Which, of course, is the point.† â€Å"You know what she's doing to me, then?† I asked eagerly. The not-knowing was killing me. â€Å"Yep,† said Yasmine. â€Å"But let's get the others first.† â€Å"The other – â€Å" The question faded from my lips as three figures materialized in the room: Carter, Joel, and Whitney. Angelic auras crackled around me. I couldn't help a little envy. It might take me days to hunt down higher immortals, but Yasmine could do it with a thought. Carter smiled when he saw me. Joel looked outraged. Whitney looked confused. â€Å"What's going on?† Joel demanded. He seemed as angry as the last time I'd seen him. It was a good thing he was immortal, or he probably would have died from high blood pressure ages ago. â€Å"Why have you brought us to this†¦this†¦place.† You would have thought he stood in an opium brothel, as opposed to a tiny office with badly painted walls. Yasmine leaned forward in the chair, hands clasped under her chin and elbows on her knees. Her dark eyes sparkled with excitement. â€Å"We've got her. We found her – or rather, Georgina found her.† Joel and Whitney appeared flabbergasted. Carter didn't. From the look on his face, I felt like he'd been expecting it. â€Å"I can't believe it took you this long to figure it out,† he joked. Whitney was not amused. â€Å"Explain this.† Yasmine did, and when she was finished, the others were as impressed as she and Vincent had been earlier. Even Joel looked a little less pissed off. â€Å"Ingenuous,† he murmured. â€Å"Every time she escapes, she always thinks up a new way to elude us.† I looked from face to face. My emotions were raw after the blowout with Seth, and I was really low on patience at the moment. â€Å"Will someone finally tell me how I fit into this?† Carter walked over to me. He wore a beat-up blue flannel shirt and a Mariners baseball cap that looked like it had been put through a wood chipper. He was still smiling. â€Å"You must know by now that Vincent's a psychic. He's attuned to our world and in some ways has a higher sensitivity to supernatural activity than some of us do. It happens with humans sometimes.† It was true. Angels weren't omnipotent and didn't possess all gifts. I nodded along, not letting on that I knew Vincent was actually a psychic nephilim. â€Å"Normally, he'd be able to find her trail pretty quickly. When she runs amuck feeding off mortal chaos, there's a kind of, I don't know†¦magical residue left where she's been. The energy she steals only sustains her; it isn't actually enough to obscure her. Someone like Vincent can†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vincent helped him out. â€Å"†¦sniff her out. I'm a paranormal hound.† Yasmine snickered. â€Å"He hasn't sensed anything so far,† Carter continued, â€Å"which is why we were having to do more mundane searches, like looking for telltale patterns in the news.† â€Å"So†¦she was hiding her trail.† I shrugged. â€Å"How do I fit in?† â€Å"She was using you to hide it. In a couple different ways. Kind of a fail-safe, really. In taking energy from you and human victims, she was able to double her stash. It made it easier to hide from us. When her power dipped, I think she was actually†¦hiding in you.† â€Å"Ew.† I suddenly felt violated. â€Å"How is that possible? Is she†¦is she there now?† I glanced down at my lower body, as though I might actually see something. He peered at me. â€Å"No, I don't think so. She's probably got enough energy to run loose for a while. As for how she does it†¦well, life and energy move in and out of you, and at some level, she's both of those things. You're a conduit for those forces.† â€Å"I wish people would stop calling me that. It makes me feel like a machine.† â€Å"Hardly. The merging she does with you is how you occasionally get a sense for what she's been doing. Some of the details of her mischief leak into you, though she goes to great pains to hide it – and herself.† â€Å"How?† â€Å"The dreams,† said Vincent. â€Å"She's distracting you with them. Happy, consuming dreams that you're starting to obsess on. Your subconscious is so enmeshed in them at night that you don't notice her leaching the energy while you sleep.† I leaned back in my chair, dumbfounded. I'd dealt with a lot of weird shit in my life – an exceptional amount of it occurring in the last few months, actually – but this was shooting to the top of the list. My skin crawled, and I had the surreal sense that my body was no longer my own. I was also kind of bothered by the fact that my dreams had been red herrings, meant to throw me off the path of what was going on. They were so sweet†¦so powerful. I treasured them, yet it seemed they were nothing but lies. Illusions created by a monster to hide her parasitic control of me. That knowledge cheapened the beauty of what I'd seen. I loved the little girl. I wanted to believe in her. I wanted her to be real. â€Å"Well,† said Joel brusquely, narrowed eyes fixed on me. â€Å"We've got to use the succubus to lure Nyx out.† He gestured to me. â€Å"Go. Go out and seduce some poor soul, so Nyx'll come back.† I flinched. Yasmine glared at him. â€Å"Can't you see she's upset? Show some compassion.† â€Å"Denizens of evil deserve none,† he muttered. Across the room, Whitney stood by the door. She'd spoken little, so her voice startled me. â€Å"All creatures deserve compassion.† I looked up and met her eyes. They were dark and bottomless, filled with power and emotion. I had the sensation of falling into that blackness, much like I experienced with Carter sometimes. I decided I didn't like hanging out with angels. They did a lot of soul searching – and usually it involved mine. More awkward silence fell. â€Å"Okay, okay,† I said. â€Å"We don't all have to spill our feelings and hold hands here. Tell me what you need me to do.† â€Å"You're going to be bait, Georgina,† said Carter. â€Å"I'm always bait,† I grumbled. â€Å"Why is that? Why do these things keep happening to me?† Not too long ago, I'd had to play bait for a date-raping demigod. I hadn't been any happier then than I was now. I expected a joke, but Carter's response was serious. â€Å"Because you're one of those unique individuals whom powers in the universe tend to gather around.† That was worse than being a conduit. I didn't want any of those things. I didn't want to be a target. I wanted my quiet life back where I worked in a bookstore and had a blissful, perfect relationship with my boyfriend. Okay, I'd never had such a relationship yet, but a girl can dream. Dream. Bad choice of words. â€Å"Unfortunately,† said Yasmine delicately, â€Å"Joel is right to a certain extent. We do need you to, um, replenish your energy in order to lure Nyx out.† Joel grimaced. I sighed. â€Å"I know this is important†¦I don't want her to hurt anyone else, but well, does it have to be tonight? Can we do it tomorrow? I just†¦I just don't feel up to it.† Not after Seth. Not after any of this. I was so, so mentally exhausted. Sex sounded nauseating, energy or no. Joel clenched his fists. â€Å"Don't feel up to it? This is no time for whims! Lives are at stake – â€Å" â€Å"Joel,† said Carter. It was one word, but it was hard and powerful. I'd never heard lax, sarcastic Carter speak in that sort of tone. He and Joel locked gazes. I couldn't assess higher immortals' power, but I knew Carter was pretty damned strong. Stronger than Jerome, even. â€Å"Leave her alone. Nyx only attacks when she steals more energy anyway. We should be okay for one night.† If I didn't know better, I'd say Joel was afraid of Carter. Joel looked very much like he wanted to say a lot more, but he backed down. â€Å"Fine,† he said through gritted teeth. I shot Carter a relieved glance. With the way I felt tonight, I probably would have had about as much luck trying to seduce someone as Tawny. Thinking of the other succubus, I wondered if I should mention my suspicions about Tawny being drained by Nyx too. In the end, I decided against it. That whole situation was still circumstantial. I let it go. Yasmine stood up and laid a hand on my shoulder. â€Å"Rest up. You look terrible. You need to be ready for tomorrow.† â€Å"Yikes. I can look like anything I want. When someone tells me I look terrible, it's pretty serious.† She smiled. â€Å"It's more than physical.† She vanished. Whitney and Joel did the same a few moments later. Only Carter remained with Vincent and me. â€Å"It's going to be okay,† Carter told me. â€Å"I don't know. There's a crazy chaos-eating monster flitting in and out of me,† I said. â€Å"You're going to try to frisk her out. Seems like there's a high likelihood things might end up pretty not okay.† â€Å"Ye of little faith.† He too disappeared. Vincent and I stood there for several moments. Finally, I sighed once more. â€Å"Fucking angels.† He touched my shoulder. â€Å"Let's go back home.† We ventured back into the cold and walked to my apartment, saying little. Vincent look tired and thoughtful, no doubt from all the Nyx stuff. As we approached my apartment, however, his expression began to change. At first, he simply looked puzzled. Then he grew surprised, then startled, then horrified, and finally, disgusted. We stopped on the building's steps. â€Å"What's wrong?† I asked. He pointed upward. â€Å"There's something†¦evil in there.† â€Å"Like†¦my apartment? Because, you know, I'm technically evil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vincent shook his head. â€Å"No, no. It's a different kind of evil. You're evil by nature – no offense. This is something different. A created evil. It's black and wrong. Unnatural. You know of anyone else who lives in the building that plays for your side?† â€Å"No. Just me.† He grimaced. â€Å"Well, let's go in then and see where it's coming from. Ugh. To my senses, it's like†¦rotting garbage.† We went inside, and it didn't take him long to figure out where this different evil was coming from. My own apartment. â€Å"Told you I was the only evil thing in here,† I joked. But I was a little uneasy at his reaction. Vincent didn't respond and simply pushed past me, searching in a way that brought the earlier hound reference to mind. He disappeared into my bedroom and reemerged with Dante's arts and crafts project. â€Å"This,† declared Vincent, holding it at arm's length. â€Å"That?† I asked, astonished. â€Å"That's†¦nothing.† â€Å"Where did you get it?† â€Å"This guy I know made it. The one who was helping me. He's, I don't know†¦a pseudo psychic. Maybe a real psychic. Interprets dreams and claims to be a magician.† I stared at the wicker ball. â€Å"Are you saying he really is a magician?† â€Å"Oh, he's something all right. This thing is so filthy, I can't believe you can't feel it. Well, I can believe it†¦I mean, it's a different sort of magic than you're attuned to, but Jesus. It makes me feel like I just†¦I don't know, went swimming in a sewer.† â€Å"Well†¦I know he's supposed to be, like, bad†¦he and another friend have said as much. But†¦I don't know. I thought it was just hype.† â€Å"There's bad and there's bad,† Vincent said. â€Å"And this is bad. This thing's a repellent, right? Did he give it to you to keep Nyx away?† â€Å"Yeah†¦but he wasn't sure if it'd work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Oh, it'd work. It'd keep about anything away. To make something like this†¦man, Georgina. It's incredible – the kind of power required. Very few humans are born with this kind of power. He certainly wasn't. This is stolen power.† â€Å"Everyone steals power,† I noted dryly. â€Å"Me, Nyx†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Vincent's eyes were hard. â€Å"You and she suck it from people. This was ripped out of someone. The way you'd rip someone's heart out of their chest.† â€Å"So, what†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stared. â€Å"Are you saying Dante killed someone to make this?† â€Å"To make this specifically? Perhaps. But someone would need to already possess great power – independent of what he might put in this – to even attempt making it. And to be someone with that kind of power in the first place, he had to have done something, at some point in his life, that was bad.† â€Å"Like†¦killing someone.† â€Å"More than that. A special killing – something sacrificial. You know the kind of power those can yield.† I did. I didn't have a choice in the succubus soul-stealing thing, but I tried to keep my hands clean of other atrocities. Still, you couldn't work for Hell and not know about the full range of evils out there and how to achieve them. â€Å"And,† continued Vincent, â€Å"you know that the greater the impact – the greater the meaning – of a sacrificial killing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Right. The greater the power.† Goosebumps rose on my neck as I started to see where Vincent was going with all this. â€Å"Whatever he did to get this kind of power wasn't just some random, clean killing. It had meaning for him. And it was horrible. He would have had to turn on himself – give up part of his humanity – to get this kind of power.† I stared at the wicker ball. I couldn't sense what Vincent could, but now I too was feeling disgusted and uneasy by its presence. And suddenly, Kayla's repulsion suddenly didn't seem so strange after all. I'd had the charm in my purse when I saw her. She'd said I was ‘bad' because I was probably covered in the charm's power. What had Dante done? What act could sarcastic, laconic Dante have done to achieve the kind of power both Vincent and Hugh had said would be needed to make this kind of charm? Whatever it was, it was the reason Erik hated him. I shivered. â€Å"Can you destroy it?† Vincent nodded. â€Å"You want me to?† A tiny part of me remembered that it had the ability to repel Nyx. But it wouldn't make her disappear, and we needed her to come back if we were going to stop her for good. Swallowing, I nodded. â€Å"Yeah, go ahead.† It took only a few seconds. Green light encased the wicker sphere, then Vincent's hand was empty. I'd felt no change in power or anything, but the nephilim looked relieved. I exhaled. â€Å"Well. There's nothing to stop her now, huh?† â€Å"Nope,† he said, rubbing his hands together. â€Å"Get ready.†

Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism

Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism The main similarity between revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism is that both of these political ideologies consider Capitalism (as the form of a socio-political governing) historically outdated and utterly immoral. This is because, according to the proponents of both ideologies, in Capitalist countries, the majority of ordinary citizens are denied the right to have a fair share in the national wealth.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because in Capitalist societies, it is namely a small number of the representatives of bourgeoisie that exercise a unilateral control over the means of production. In its turn, this allows them to enjoy an undisputed dominance within the society – even though that there are no objective reasons for this to be the case. That is, if we exclude the fac t that the wealthy members of social elites simply happened to have enough of ill-gotten money in their bank accounts. In its turn, this creates a situation when most citizens are being denied the opportunity of a social advancement – only the individuals affiliated with the rich and powerful qualify for a social uplifting. Such state of affairs, of course, is far from being considered thoroughly fair. Another thing, upon which revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism agree, is the sheer inappropriateness of the Capitalist practice of subjecting workers to an economic exploitation. This is because this practice establishes preconditions for employees to be treated as a soulless commodity – hence, causing them to experience the sensation of a societal alienation. In its turn, this prevents hired laborers (regardless of the essence of their professional duties) from being able to attain happiness. Both ideologies refer to such a state of affairs, as utterly inapp ropriate. Revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism also criticize Capitalism on the account of this political system standing in opposition to the concept of egalitarianism. After all, it is specifically the assumption of people’s perceptual/cognitive inequality, which justifies the Capitalist idea that, in order to ensure the free-market economy’s proper functioning; societies must remain stratified along class-lines. Both, Communists and Socialists proclaim this idea being not only unethical, but also as such, that contradicts the dialectical laws of history.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Revolutionary Communists and democratic Socialists also share a strongly negative attitude towards the concept of a private ownership. According to the proponents of both political ideologies, the continual institutionalization of this type of own ership contributes to the process of a gap between poor and rich citizens growing wider, and makes the economy more vulnerable to financial crises. This is why, just as it is being the case with democratic Socialists, revolutionary Communists advocate the concept of a state-ownership, as such that ensures a fair distribution of the national wealth among citizens. Nevertheless, even though that revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism do share much of an ideological ground, out which they initially emerged, there are many more differences between them than similarities. The most fundamental of these differences is the fact that, while Socialists consider Socialism to be the final phase of the humanity’s socio-economic advancement, Communists refer to it in terms of an intermediary one. According to them, Socialism is the ‘transitional’ form of a political governing, which will be eventually replaced by Communism (Kors 3). In its turn, Communism presupposes the complete liquidation of a private ownership, the elimination of money, as the instrument of commercial transactions, and the establishment of the ‘dictatorship of proletariat’, as the mechanism of maintaining the society’s ‘classless’ functioning. Democratic Socialists, on the other hand, point out to the fact that the practical realization of the earlier mentioned Communist agenda will prove impossible, as it does not consider the actual essence of people’s genetically predetermined psychological inclinations. Another major difference between democratic Socialism and revolutionary Communism is that, while Socialists refer to the transition between Capitalism and Socialism in terms of an evolutionary process, Communists promote the idea that this transition should be revolutionary. That is, according to Communists, there is only one way for ensuring the eventual triumph of Socialism/Communism – an armed uprising (Dobbs 495). Social ists, on the other hand, suggest that rather than parting away with Capitalism in the revolutionary manner (by the mean of overthrowing the government and eliminating bourgeoisie, as a social class), progressively minded people should aim to create preconditions for the gradual transformation of Capitalism into Socialism.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Roberts noted: â€Å"In economics, their (Socialists’) main commitment is not to creating a new man by expropriating the expropriators but to taming the excesses of the market through state intervention. They (Socialists) have also been stubbornly reformist and gradualist rather than revolutionary† (358). Unlike their Communist counterparts, Socialists do not subscribe to the idea that a truly fair society must necessarily be classless. I n fact, the Socialist idea of a ‘welfare state’ presupposes that, instead of remaining antagonized against each other, the representatives of different social classes should be equally affiliated with the values of a ‘communal solidarity’. Partially, the earlier mentioned conceptual dichotomy between democratic Socialism and revolutionary Communism can be explained by the fact that democratic Socialists do not think that the continual functioning of Capitalist societies should necessarily result in strengthening the acuteness of class-related antagonisms. The validity of this suggestion can be illustrated in regards to the ideas of Eduard Bernstein, who is now being considered the ‘father’ of democratic Socialism. According to Sturmthal: â€Å"He (Bernstein) pointed out that by its progress labor was gradually transforming the capitalistic society and predicted that by this method of gradual reform and in co-operation with democratic middle-cl ass parties, European labor would win democracy, and, at the end of a long evolutionary process, establish Socialism† (101). Communists, on the other hand, promote the idea that, as time goes on; the intensity of class-antagonisms within Capitalist societies should increase. In its turn, this should eventually lead to the creation of a ‘revolutionary situation’, and consequently to the removal of bourgeois governments. This brings us to discuss another important difference between both political ideologies. Whereas, democratic Socialists do favor democracy, as the people-oriented form of a political governing, Communists do not think this is actually the case – especially when we talk about the democracy’s functioning within Capitalist societies. According Communists, ‘capitalist democracy’ is nothing but the instrument for the representatives of social elites to maintain its dominance within the society. The reason for this is simple. B y providing ordinary citizens with the illusion that they can indeed influence the process of a political decision-making, by the mean of casting their votes, capitalists are able to reduce the acuteness of economic tensions within the society – hence, making these citizens less likely to revolt against being continually exploited.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After all, the very conceptual premise of democracy presupposes the process of people casting their votes being second in importance to the process of these votes’ calculation. This is exactly the reason why, according to revolutionary Communists, the concept of democracy is synonymous with the concept of corruption. It also explains why democracy is dialectically predetermined to transform itself into oligarchy/plutocracy. Hence, the Communist idea that the best form of government is the ‘dictatorship of proletariat’ when, after having eliminated capitalists physically, workers enjoy a shared ownership over the means of production. This idea derives out of the assumption that capitalists will never be willing to share some of their riches with the society’s underprivileged members – unless when they are being forced to do so by purely external circumstances. These circumstances, however, must be strong enough. Therefore, in order for socially under privileged citizens to cease being the subjects of an economic/societal exploitation, they must be ready to defy the very principles, upon which the continual functioning of Capitalist societies is based – including the principle of a democratic voting. In its turn, this explains why; whereas, democratic Socialists refer to their presence in the Capitalist countries’ legislative bodies, as such that serves the purpose of the society’s betterment, Communists do not make any secret of the fact that the only reason why they participate in political elections, is that this provides them with yet additional opportunity to undermine ‘bourgeois democracies’ from within. Revolutionary Communism and democratic Socialism also differ, in regards to how the proponents of both ideologies address the issue of people’s political opinions being formed. According to Communists, the manner in which a particular individual perceives the surrounding socio-politi cal reality reflects the specifics of his or her affiliation with one or another social class. In other words, it is namely people’s class-status, which causes them to be what they are, in the cognitive sense of this word. Democratic Socialists, on the other hand, refer to the Communist interpretation of what causes people to adopt a particular behavioral pattern, as being overly simplistic. According to them, regardless of what happened to be the particulars of people’s class-affiliation, it is in their very nature to strive to enjoy a social fairness. Hence, the democratic Socialist idea that it is possible for the representatives of different social classes to cooperate. It is needless to mention, of course, that Communists do not agree with this idea, because according to them, the wealthy representatives of social elites, on the one hand, and impoverished workers/peasants, on the other, are sworn enemies. Therefore, there can be no cooperation with then, by defini tion. The final difference between both ideologies is that, while revolutionary Communism implies that people’s likelihood to attain happiness is being solely concerned with their varying ability to satisfy their physiological needs, democratic Socialism suggests that, besides being provided with the opportunity to fill up their stomachs, people also need to be given the chance of an emotional/spiritual self-actualization. In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, unlike Communists, democratic Socialists believe that there is so much more to a particular individual than solely his or her desire to enjoy having a plenty of food. In this respect, democratic Socialism appears much more intellectually refined, as compared to revolutionary Communism, because it avoids making simplistic assumptions about human nature. Dobbs, Darrell. â€Å"Communism.† The Journal of Politics 62.2 (2000): 491- 510.Print. Kors, Alan. â€Å"Can There be an ‘After Socialismâ⠂¬â„¢?† Social Philosophy Policy 20. 1 (2003): 1-17. Print. Roberts, Andrew. â€Å"The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology.† Slavic  Review 63.2 (2004): 349-366. Print. Sturmthal, Adolf. â€Å"Democratic Socialism in Europe.† World Politics 3.1 (1950): 88- 113. Print.

Warhol essays

Warhol essays This is an image from Andy Warhol. When this was displayed in 1962, it was in a nearby gallery with a sign that said, Get the real thing for 29 cents. Not to forget the humor, the underlining thing is that Warhols work threatened the concept of art as serious and transcendent: artist intentions devoid of satire seemed as cheerfully vacuous as his subject matter. With this one project, Andy changed art in a new way. Although it could be thought of as vapid, I think it was a smart move on the artist, because he was, as many great artists do, taking down the structure of art and making people think about what art is again. Pop arts celebration of the banal and its unapologetic dismissal of higher aims soon lost their original shock value, yet Andy, its best known person, remained on top throughout his lifetime. Born in Pennsylvania in 1930 with the name Andrew Warhola, he graduated college from the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1949. He then moved to New York City where he became involved in commercial art and won several prizes. His development in fine art began with wry, delicate drawings and culminated in the hard-hitting graphic style that became a huge success. He had a solo show in New Yorks Stable Gallery in 1962 and it brought him instant fame. In his studio he mass-produced many of the peaces that we see today. The pop artist not only depicted mass products but he also wanted to mass-produce his own works of pop art. Consequently he founded The Factory in 1962. It was an art studio where he employed in a rather chaotic way "art workers" to mass produce mainly prints and posters but also other items like shoes designed by the artist. The first location of the Factory was in 231 E. 47th Street, 5th Floor (between 1st & 2nd Ave). Warhol's favorite printmaking technique was silkscreen. It came closest to his idea of proliferation of art. Apart from being an Art Produ...

European House Price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

European House Price - Essay Example The paper tells about the recession, which took shape in the USA in 2008 and shook the whole world. The European economy followed the same principles like that of the US. The banks in Germany, the biggest economy in the European zone, offered loans to subprime people much like that of the US and suffered the consequences. The subprime people were unable to pay the loans and the economy was engulfed in recession. The recession had a tremendous effect on the European economy as a whole. The inflation culminated to a record high and the global turmoil resulted in the loss of jobs and closure of organizations. During the second quarter of 2008, the growth of the European economy contracted to 0.2%, which is the worst in the history after the EU was created. This was in sharp contrast to the first quarter of the year when the European economy had a growth rate of 0.7%. Why did the economy suffer such a setback? This was mainly due to the bad performance of Germany whose economy suffered f or the first time in four years. England experienced rise in the inflation rate and slow growth of the economy. In fact, all the countries over the continent of Europe were plagued by the problem of inflation and low economic growth. The banks stressed on the fact that fighting inflation is their main agenda, which will help in recovering the economy. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) had predicted after the housing bubble burst in the US that the condition in the Europe is far from satisfactory. The body had predicted slow growth in the economy and rise in the inflation.

In which way do pressure groups help and hinder the democratic process Essay

In which way do pressure groups help and hinder the democratic process - Essay Example In other words, it can be stated that the pressure groups are referred as a structured group of individuals which intend to create an influence on the guiding principles as well as acts of the government. The pressure groups are known to entail three basic and chief characteristics. These groups look for creating a degree of manipulation externally in comparison to implementing or winning the aspect of government authority. The pressure groups tend to stay away from making any kind of policy decisions, instead they make attempts to manipulate those individuals who are supposed to be engaged with such kind of activities for example the policy-makers. In the context of the given explanation, it could be understood that these groups are known to be external with regard to the government. The pressure groups are also observed to characteristically entail a constricted issue focus. In few of the instances or rather occurrences the pressure groups can be found to place their focal point on a sole issue such as displaying resistance against an intended road development. The members forming a part of the pressure groups are observed to be brought together by either a common notion with regard to a specific reason or even by a general form of interests. Individuals with diverse ideological as well as party inclinations might thus carry out certain activities in unison as associates of the similar pressure group. Thesis Statement The paper will intend to provide an insight into the idea of pressure groups and their functions. The paper would further attempt to explain the several ways and the functions through which these groups are known to facilitate as well as hamper the democratic process of a particular country. The Idea of Pressure Groups For few individuals, the pressure groups are considered to be an elementary part with regard to the aspect of democracy. For others, the pressure groups are believed to weaken the overall underlying principle in relation to democr acy. Democracy is referred as that particular structure of government in case of which the decisions are taken by considering the majoritarian opinions accompanied with delegates who are found to be elected at intermittent elections. The episodic elections are known to involve the aspects of political autonomy as well as equality for facilitating the voters to demonstrate or express their effectual preference between the contending candidates secretly in a ballot (Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2012). With regard to the democracy structure identified in the pluralist theory, the pressure groups are believed to play an imperative part. The political parties are regarded to lack the ability to provide enough or the required degree of depiction in case of a complete array of varied opinions as well as interests with regard to a contemporary form of democracy. It is owing to the reason that the chief task of the political parties has been identified to amass the interests towards a ratio nal political entity who is considered to be competent enough of leading the nation. The pressure groups also facilitate certain interests as well as reasons to be addressed and also to make use of influence with regard to the aspect of public decision as well as decision-making. However, the pressure grou

Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Law - Essay Example But what really has the government done in order to protect the quality and safety of drinking water? What are the relevant UK laws or legislation that have been implemented in order to provide for this basic need? This paper hopes to present the relevant UK legislation as regards the quality of drinking water, including the standard EC directives and also hopes to present some of the issues and concerns regarding the maintenance of safe drinking water in UK. Since 1848, there have been legislation regarding the quality of water and sanitation in the UK, starting with the Public Health Act (EEHC, 2007). This act gave the Boards of Health the power to improve public health through the provision of better or enhanced water supplies, drainage and sanitation (EEHC, 2007). The water management handled before by the public sector, was privatized and the responsibility then was divided between the private water companies and the regulatory body, the National Rivers Authority (Rydin, 193). The 1989 Water Act, provided for the so-called â€Å"statutory water quality objectives† and schemes by the NRA (Rydin, 1993). The said act also provided for the protection of sources of water especially of drinking water through so-called â€Å"zoning designated perimeters† where possible contaminants of human activities are prohibited (Kiss and Shelton, 1993). Furthermore, under this Act, the Government is given the authority to select areas wh ich are Nitrate Sensitive to prevent nitrate from seeping into waters as a result of the use of fertilizers (Kiss and Shelton, 1993). Aside from this, the European Commission (EC) directives that sets the standards for chemical parameters and biological measurements, must be applied and taking into regard the appropriate uses of water (Rydin, 1993). These are stringent measures which protect drinking water (Howarth, 2006). The numeric quality standards of drinking water was set by the 1980 EC drinking water directive and gave

Peat Soil Essay Example for Free

Peat Soil Essay Peat is generally found in thick layers in limited areas, has low shear strength and high compressive deformation which often results in difficulties when construction work is undertaken on the deposit. Peat represents the extreme form of soft soil. It is an organic soil which consists more than 75% of organic matters. However, the cutoff value of the percentage of organic matter necessary to classify a superficial deposit or soil as peat varies throughout the world, usually depending on the purpose of classification. This cutoff value also serves to differentiate peat from superficial deposits or soils with lesser amounts of organic content. The terms peat and organic soils, used for describing soils with an organic content, were once synonymous but term organic soils is presently used for superficial deposits or soils that contain organic matter. Figure 1 Location of Peat Soil in Malaysia PEAT SOIL SUBSIDENCE Draining of peatland lowers water table causing subsidence Rate of subsidence 20 – 50 cm per year over a period of 5 years after drainage thereafter 5 cm per year. Oxidation acidity: Peatland water is acidic once drained, peatwater causes severe damage to flora fauna habitats in adjacent areas. Compaction or shrinkage of peat soils may cause groundwater containing fertilizer or pesticide residues to flow from agricultural area to adjacent water catchment area.

The Women of Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Women of Othello The women of Shakespeares Othello are put into stereotypical roles, but behind peoples backs play much stronger types. Desdemona, goes against her fathers orders and marries a moor. Bianca innocently takes part in Desdemona's death. Emilia has an opportunity to save Desdemona but sneakingly remains silent. These women are similar because they are treated like they are lower then the men in their days. But they do not let that hold them back. These women take part in anything that pleases them. In no way would they let men tell them what to do! Desdemona was the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Against her father's wishes, she marries a moor, Othello. "The marriage seems to be monstrous- in the sense that it represents a deviation from that which is natural. How else, Brabantio asks, would Desdemona, so carefully, have brought such scandal upon herself and her father by shunning, the wealthy curled darlings of our nation"(Act 1 Scene 2 Line 68). Desdemona arrives and gently resolves the dispute by acknowledging split loyalties to her father and to her new husband, but making it clear that she now belongs to Othello. For the play being set in the late sixteenth century, Desdemona's defense of her actions is remarkably forthright, spirited, and courageous. She was aware of the great risk involved when she married a moor. She says "She remains bound to her noble father for her life and education; he remains her lord of duty, and she will always honor him as such. Now however, she has a husband, and she must recogniz e her duties to him just as her mother did to Brabantio"(Act 1 Scene 3 Line 181). Desdemona is a well-born and well educated daughter of a Venetian senator. She has been trained to adapt herself easily to any social situation. You could see how she is headstrong in her choice of a husband and in her defense of him. Desdemona's generous nature tries to help Cassio receive his spot as Liutenant back. This is when her kindness falls for weakness. Using Desdemona and her natural goodness, Iago will "turn her virtue into pitch, and make the net that shall enmesh them all"(Act2 Scene 3 Line 366). It is Desdemona's innocent attempt to reconcile Othello with Cassio that gives Iago the opportunity to wreak vengeance upon Othello, causing the murder and suicide, which bring this tragedy to its violent conclusion.

An Analysis of Foot Soldiers of the Revolutionary Army

Pyeong G. Lim Dr. Christian History 1305 March 21, 2013 Summary of â€Å"Foot Soldiers of the Revolutionary Army† In the essay â€Å"Foot Soldiers of the Revolutionary Army† by Gary B. Nash, the authors of the book tell of a Private Joseph Plumb Martin that kept a diary that details the life and hardships that the soldiers endured. Martin writes, â€Å"The army was now not only starved but naked. The greatest part were not only shirtless and barefoot but destitute of all other clothing, especially blankets. (Gary Nash 124) The blacks were involved given the chance to receive freedom, which did not follow through completely. Although the colonies needed men for the army, these two simple sentences exposed the truth that people didn’t know at the time and even now. The leadership of the army knew this would be the case, which is the main reason that the terms of enlistment were so short during the war unlike the minimal 8 years contract in the army now.Although th e life in the army improved the soldiers had to endure such environment as, â€Å"shivering with cold upon bare floors without a blanket to cover them, calling for fire, for water, for suitable food, and for medicines- calling in vain. † Having to withstand all these misfortune, the soldiers were anything but humble in their conception of rights. The soldiers warned the generals of desertion if they were not properly taken care of, so the â€Å"severest Punishment† was placed to counter threat the soldiers.However, this did not last as â€Å"even in Washington’s handpicked Life Guard, eight soldiers deserted during the war. † As the war dragged out, eventually, Washington reopened the Continental army to free blacks with congressional approval. Slaves were still forbidden, yet five hundred free black men served in the war. It started with Massachusetts than to Rhode Island. Even with the blacks joining, Mother Nature did not see lightly of them, â€Å"By early 1778, the regiments were close to disintegration, their pay in arrears, uniforms tattered, and ranks thinned by disease. In February, all blacks were able to join the army with the consent of their owners in exchange for freedom. The white men found this proposal too good to turn down since the slaves would relieve them of army duty. The war continued with victory earned by the â€Å"Black Regiement who stromed through the moat and heavily fortified redoubts. † White men and blacks had hardship through out the war, but above all, despite all the blacks who were involved in the war, â€Å"only one third of the former slaves survived to taste freedom as civilians. †